TINA-C (Telecommunications Information Networking Architecture Consortium)
This consortium is somewhat different to the others, in that it takes a higher-level view of how applications communicate over communications networks. It does not define detailed standards. Its principles are based on an object-oriented approach to enable easier integration of systems. In their terms:
‘The purpose of these principles is to insure interoperability, portability and reusability of software components and independence from specific technologies, and to share the burden of creating and managing a complex system among different business stakeholders, such as consumers, service providers, and connectivity providers.’
Although it has been established since the 1990s, it has had limited success in establishing solutions which are branded as ‘TINA compliant’.